What is referred to as "reverse brain drain"?

"Reverse brain drain" refers specifically to the phenomenon where highly skilled individuals, often educated or trained abroad, return to their country of origin. This return can be motivated by various factors, such as improved conditions in their home country, opportunities for professional advancement, or a desire to contribute to their homeland's development. This is significant as it contrasts with the traditional notion of "brain drain," where skilled individuals leave their home country for better opportunities elsewhere.

The other options do not align with the concept of reverse brain drain. For example, an aging population unable to perform simple tasks relates to demographic challenges and workforce issues, rather than the movement of skilled professionals. National competition failures in standardized testing focus on educational outcomes rather than migration patterns. The loss of intelligent and educated people generally describes the issue of brain drain, where a country loses its skilled workforce to other regions, rather than the return of those individuals.