Which document is an actual demand for payment issued by an exporter?

The commercial invoice is considered an actual demand for payment issued by an exporter because it serves as a formal request for payment for goods or services provided. This document outlines the details of the transaction, including the names and addresses of both the seller and buyer, a description of the goods sold, their quantities, prices, payment terms, and any applicable taxes or shipping charges.

The commercial invoice is essential in international trade as it often accompanies the shipment of goods and can be used by customs authorities to assess duties and taxes. It also establishes the contractual obligation for the buyer to pay the exporter.

In contrast, the bill of lading functions primarily as a receipt and document of title, while the airway bill serves as a transport document for air cargo, and the shipper's export declaration is used for export compliance reporting but does not serve as a demand for payment. Each of these other documents plays a vital role in the shipping process and logistics, but they do not directly request payment in the manner the commercial invoice does.