Which of the following is not considered a global sourcing arrangement?

Global sourcing arrangements typically involve strategies companies use to procure goods or services from different countries to leverage costs, capabilities, or resources effectively. These arrangements often encompass partnerships or contractual relationships that enhance a company's operational efficiency or market reach.

A global independent subsidiary is structured differently from other sourcing arrangements because it operates independently and is not directly controlled by the main parent company in a way that integrates sourcing strategies. This distinction makes it less aligned with the operational frameworks typically associated with global sourcing, which often focus on more strategic collaborations or ownership structures that facilitate direct control and management of resources.

In contrast, overseas joint ventures and wholly owned subsidiaries involve direct investment and control over operations, rapidly facilitating sourcing strategies. Similarly, overseas independent contractors might still align with the sourcing goals of a parent company but operate under a contractual agreement rather than a shared ownership model.