Which of the following is NOT a component of a product?

Customer perception is a critical aspect of how a product is received in the market, but it does not directly constitute a component of the product itself. Instead, customer perception involves the opinions, beliefs, and impressions that consumers form based on their experiences and interactions with a product or brand. It is influenced by various factors, including marketing efforts, customer service, and the product's reputation.

In contrast, after-sale service, instructions for use, and the company's image are more tangible elements that relate directly to the product. After-sale service refers to the support provided once a product has been purchased, which can enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty. Instructions for use are essential for helping customers understand how to effectively use the product, ensuring they derive maximum value from it. The company's image encompasses the brand identity and values associated with the product, shaping customer expectations and preferences.

Together, after-sale service, instructions for use, and the company’s image form part of the overall product offering, facilitating the customer experience and addressing practical aspects of usage and support.